Thailand is undergoing a historic demographic transformation as it officially enters the ranks of ultra-aged societies, according to a 2025 analysis by the Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (GISTDA).
The report reveals that the number of Thais aged 60 and above has surged to 13.6 million, surpassing the population of children under 15, which has dropped to 9.5 million. This shift highlights a profound turning point in Thailand’s social and economic structure.
Using data from the Department of Provincial Administration, GISTDA mapped population changes across the country. The findings point to stark regional differences in ageing trends. The northern and central regions show the highest ageing index, with elderly populations significantly outnumbering children. These areas are now categorized as “clearly aged” societies.
The north-east also displays a large elderly population, driven by outward migration of working-age adults and persistently low birth rates. The study suggests that this region is on the verge of becoming a “super-aged society” in the near future.
In contrast, the eastern region retains a higher proportion of working-age residents, easing demographic pressures. Meanwhile, Thailand’s western border and the far south – including provinces such as Tak, Kanchanaburi, Yala, Pattani and Narathiwat – are among the last child-led areas, where young populations still exceed the elderly.
GISTDA cautioned that the trend is not simply about rising senior numbers. It signals a structural challenge stemming from declining birth rates, which will inevitably impact the country’s labour force, economic vitality, and capacity to deliver social welfare services.
As Thailand joins the ranks of rapidly ageing Asian nations, the findings underscore urgent questions for policymakers about how to adapt to a society where older citizens form the demographic majority.
